No statistical differences in SatO2 and HR values were observed during the entire length of MR examination. Nonparametric statistical testing and Fleiss' kappa were used. Three readers independently analyzed all images to establish the presence of motion artifacts. Breath-holds were assessed using prospective acquisition correction technique (PACE) monitors. Oxygen saturation (SatO2) and heart rate (HR) were monitored, while patients reported subjective symptoms. This was an institutional review board-approved observational prospective study (written informed consent acquired) performed in 250 consecutive patients, who underwent liver MR with a multiarterial phase technique. To evaluate motion artifacts, breath-hold failure, acute transient dyspnea, and clinical parameters during hepatic arterial phase of gadoxetate disodium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Additionally, this technique allows for higher inter-observer agreement when reporting focal liver lesions for both dignity and allocation. CAIPIRINHA series also scored higher in comparison to standard VIBE sequences (mean scores: image quality, 4.2 and 3.5 sharpness of intrahepatic vessels, 3.8 and 3.2, respectively, p<0.05) for both reviewers and allowed for higher subjective diagnostic confidence (ratings, 3.8 and 3.2, respectively, p<0.05).Ĭompared to the standard VIBE approach, CAIPIRINHA VIBE technique provides improved image quality and sharpness of intrahepatic veins, as well as higher diagnostic confidence. Similarly, CAIPIRINHA showed a slightly higher inter-rater agreement for the dignity of focal liver lesions versus the standard VIBE images (κ=0.50 and 0.49, respectively, p<0.05). Reviewers achieved a higher inter-observer reliability using CAIPIRINHA when they reported which liver segments were affected by malignancy compared to traditional VIBE series (κ=0.62 and 0.54, respectively, p<0.05). Readers also rated overall image quality, sharpness of intrahepatic veins, and diagnostic confidence (ranging from 1=poor to 5=excellent). Readers scored dignity of liver lesions and assessed which liver segments were affected by malignancy (ranging from 1=definitely benign/not affected to 5=definitely malignant/affected by malignancy). Images were evaluated using 5-point rating scales by two blinded radiologists with more than 20 and 5 years of experience in MRI, respectively. Each patient underwent both CAIPIRINHA and conventional VIBE 3T MRI within 3 months, showing stable disease. In this IRB-approved intra-individual comparison study, abdominal arterial and portal-venous contrast-enhanced MRI studies were retrospectively analyzed in 38 patients with malignant liver lesions. To evaluate the impact of controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration (CAIPIRINHA) volume interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique on image quality, reader confidence, and inter-observer agreement for the assessment of focal liver lesions in comparison with the standard VIBE approach.
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